Understanding Depression: 10 Signs and Symptoms, and When to Seek Support

Depression is not a sign of weakness; it is a serious but treatable condition.

We All Experience Low Moods

We all experience low mood and sadness from time to time—whether it’s due to a difficult life event, stress, or a disappointment. But for many of us, feeling down and defeated isn’t just a feeling that sometimes happens because a life event. It can be persistent, enduring, and interfere with daily life in ways that go beyond temporary sadness. The good news is that depression is very treatable—and support is available.

Understanding Depression—What Is Depression?

Depression is more than just feeling sad—it’s a profound and pervasive mental health condition that affects emotions, thoughts, and even physical health. At its core, depression manifests as a persistent sense of emptiness or despair, often accompanied by overwhelming fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and a lack of motivation. Individuals experiencing depressive symptoms may withdraw from social interactions, lose interest in previously enjoyable activities, and struggle with appetite and sleep.

While the exact causes vary, research suggests a complex interplay between brain chemistry, genetics, and environmental factors. Neurotransmitters (brain chemistry) like serotonin and dopamine play a crucial role in mood regulation, and disruptions in their function can contribute to depressive symptoms. Additionally, chronic stress, traumatic events, and maladaptive cognitive function—such as rumination or negative self-perception—can exacerbate the condition.

Depression is not a sign of weakness or a temporary phase; it is a serious but manageable mental health challenge that requires understanding and compassionate support. The more we explore its neurological and psychological underpinnings, the better we can refine approaches for intervention and relief.

Depression can impact motivation, relationships, and even physical health. It’s important to recognise the signs and seek support when needed.

Types of Depression

There are several types of depression, each with unique characteristics:

• Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) – Persistent low mood, loss of interest, lack of motivation, and physical symptoms like fatigue.

  
  

• Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) – A lesser intensity of depression that may last for longer.

  
  

• Bipolar Disorder – Alternating episodes of depression and mania.

  
  

• Postnatal/ Postpartum Depression – Depression occurring after childbirth.

  
  

• Depression with psychotic features – Severe depression accompanied by hallucinations or delusions.

  
  

Depression can affect anyone and seeking support can be really beneficial.

Common Depression Symptoms

While the symptoms of depression can vary, the following are shared signs and symptoms which are common. Symptoms of depressive disorders include:

1. Persistent Sadness – Feeling down or hopeless for extended periods, sometimes without a clear reason why.

   
   

2. Loss of Interest – Losing enjoyment and motivation to do activities that were once enjoyed.  

   
   

3. Feelings of Worthlessness – Harsh self-criticism or guilt. Believing that things are your fault and blaming yourself for things that have happened.

   
   

4. Fatigue – Feeling frequently exhausted, even after rest.

   
   

5. Difficulty Concentrating – Struggling to focus on tasks, which can also include a difficulty in making decisions.

   
   

6. Changes in Appetite – Eating too little or too much.

   
   

7. Sleep Disturbances – Insomnia or excessive sleeping.

   
   

8. Physical Symptoms –Symptoms often manifest physically such as aches, pains, or digestive issues.

   
   

9. Irritability – Increased sensitivity or frustration.

   
   

10. Suicidal Thoughts – Thinking about self-harm or death. Thoughts can be passive but can also intrusive and are often accompanied by overwhelming feelings or urges.

10 Signs You May Be Struggling with Depression

If depression feels persistent and is affecting your day to a point where you are unable to go about your day as usual, it may be time to seek professional support. These ten signs may indicate a depressive disorder:

1. You feel sad or empty most of the time.

   
   

2. You’ve lost interest in hobbies or social activities.

   
   

3. You withdraw from friends and family.

   
   

4. You feel hopeless or excessively guilty.

   
   

5. You struggle with concentration or decision-making.

   
   

6. You experience frequent fatigue or low energy.

   
   

7. You have changes in appetite or weight.

   
   

8. You experience sleep disturbances—either too much or too little.

   
   

9. You experience unexplained physical pain or discomfort.

   
   

10. You have thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

When To Seek Support

Experiencing occasional low mood is natural, but when feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, or feelings of being overwhelmed persist and begin to interfere with daily life, relationships, or well-being, seeking support can be a vital step towards feeling better.

Depression is highly treatable, and professional help can provide effective strategies to manage its impact. If you're uncertain about where to begin, speaking with your GP can be a helpful first step. For those considering private therapy, it’s essential to verify the credentials and experience of the therapist to ensure you receive appropriate care. You have every right to know who you are entrusting with your personal experiences, and a qualified professional will always prioritise making you feel secure and supported. 

There are many evidence-based therapies for anxiety.

Therapy for Depression

There are various evidence-based therapy options available for treating depression such as:

• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) – Helps identify, work through, and change negative thought patterns.

  
  

• Behavioural Activation – Helps reintroduce activities in your life and fosters healthy ways to deal with feeling uninterested and unmotivated.

  
  

• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) – Helps individuals work with and accept difficult emotions while committing to meaningful actions.

  
  

Mental Health Services for Depression

If you recognise any of these signs in yourself or a loved one, consider speaking with a mental health professional. Depression doesn’t have to rule your life—help and respite are possible. These UK-based services can also provide support:

• Mind – Offers mental health support, including talking therapies and crisis helplines. Visit Mind or call 0300 102 1234.

  
  

• Samaritans – Provides 24/7 emotional support. Call 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org.

  
  

• National Suicide Prevention Helpline UK – Call 0800 689 5652 (6pm–midnight daily).

  
  

• Shout – Confidential 24/7 text service. Text SHOUT to 85258.

  
  

• NHS 111 – For urgent mental health support, call 111 and select the mental health option. Visit NHS Mental Health Services.

Suicide Prevention

If you or someone you know is struggling with suicidal thoughts or self-harm urges, it is crucial to seek help immediately. If you are in the UK, there are Mental Health Services and Helplines above. Suicidal thoughts can feel overwhelming, but support is available, and you do not have to face them alone.

Final Thoughts

Depression is highly treatable, and support is available. Whether you experience occasional low moods or persistent feelings of emptiness, recognising your symptoms and learning strategies to manage them is an essential step toward healing. Seeking help is not just about personal recovery—it can also pave the way for others to find hope, as your journey might inspire someone else to take that first step toward support. 

Get in touch–I would love to hear how you overcame depression and what things helped you!